What are Process Emissions and how are they generated?
Process emissions arise from chemical reactions and industrial activities rather than fuel combustion. These emissions are classified as Scope 1 since they occur directly within company-controlled facilities.
Key Sources of Process Emissions
- Cement and Lime Production – The calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃) releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) during the production of cement and lime-based materials.
- Metal Smelting and Refining – The reduction of metal ores, such as iron and aluminium processing, produces CO₂ and other gases.
- Chemical Manufacturing – The production of ammonia, nitric acid, and hydrogen results in CO₂ and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions.
- Glass and Ceramics Production – The high-temperature processing of silica-based materials releases CO₂ from raw materials.
- Industrial Gas Manufacturing – Production of gases such as hydrogen (H₂) and synthetic fuels generates CO₂ as a by-product.
Process emissions are often unavoidable in some industries due to the chemical composition of materials, making them a significant contributor to direct greenhouse gas emissions.